Intrusion Detection: Snort, Base, MySQL, and Apache2 On Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)

This tutorial is based on another howto written by DevilMan, however I didn’t like the idea of manually compiling every package or the use of a GUI to get the software installed. This howto will work on a Gutsy Server or Gutsy desktop. With that said some of this howto is a direct copy from the original.

In this tutorial I will describe how to install and configure Snort (an intrusion detection system (IDS)) from source, BASE (Basic Analysis and Security Engine), MySQL, and Apache2 on Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon). Snort will assist you in monitoring your network and alert you about possible threats. Snort will output its log files to a MySQL database which BASE will use to display a graphical interface in a web browser.

1. Gain root privileges

It is easiest to do this install as root user.

sudo su –

2. Install some packages

The following will install all the required packages to make this setup work:

apt-get install libpcap0.8-dev libmysqlclient15-dev mysql-client-5.0 mysql-server-5.0 bison flex apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-gd php5-mysql libphp-adodb php-pear libc6-dev g++ gcc pcregrep

3. Get and compile snort

The Snort package in the Gutsy repo’s are out of date. So I prefered to download the most current and install that. This is the only thing we will compile from scratch.

The latest version of snort at the time of writing is 2.8.0.1

First let’s go to a working directory:

cd /usr/src/

Open a web browser and navigate to http://www.snort.org/dl right click on the most recent release and copy link location.

a. Download snort and snort rules

wget http://www.snort.org/dl/current/snort-2.8.0.1.tar.gz

There are a couple options for rules. The following will download the public rules, however with a quick registration at the snort site you can get more current rules. Your choice but the next command is run the same way with the appropriate URL:

wget http://snort.org/pub-bin/downloads.cgi/Download/vrt_pr/snortrules-pr-2.4.tar.gz

b. Unpack and get them ready for compile

tar zxvf snort-2.8.0.1.tar.gz
cd snort-2.8.0.1
tar zxvf ../snortrules-pr-2.4.tar.gz

c. Now compile them

./configure -enable-dynamicplugin –with-mysql
make
make install

Keep this directory handy as you can simply run

make uninstall

To uninstall snort later if you choose

d. Move things into position

We now need to move the rules and config for snort into position

mkdir /etc/snort /etc/snort/rules /var/log/snort
cd /usr/src/snort-2.8.0.1/etc
cp * /etc/snort/
cd ../rules
cp * /etc/snort/rules

4. Configure Snort

We need to modify the snort.conf file to suite our needs.

Open /etc/snort/snort.conf with your favorite text editor (nano, vi, vim, etc.).

# vi /etc/snort/snort.conf

Change “var HOME_NET any” to “var HOME_NET 192.168.1.0/24” (your home network may differ from 192.168.1.0)
Change “var EXTERNAL_NET any” to “var EXTERNAL_NET !$HOME_NET” (this is stating everything except HOME_NET is external)
Change “var RULE_PATE ../rules” to “var RULE_PATH /etc/snort/rules“

Scroll down the list to the section with “# output database: log, mysql, user=“, remove the “#” from in front of this line.
Change the “user=root” to “user=snort”, change the “password=password” to “password=snort_password“, “dbname=snort“
Make note of the username, password, and dbname. You will need this information when we set up the Mysql db.
Save and quit.

5. Setup the Mysql database.

Log into the mysql server.

# mysql -u root -p

Create the snort database. Make sure you change the ‘snort_password’ to something else!

mysql> create database snort;
grant all privileges on snort.* to ‘snort’@’localhost’ identified by ‘snort_password’; mysql> exit

We will use the snort schema for the layout of the database.

# mysql -D snort -u snort -p < /usr/src/snort-2.8.0.1/schemas/create_mysql

NOTE: Use your snort DB user password when prompted.

6. Time to test Snort

In the terminal type:

# snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf

If everything went well you should see an ascii pig.

To end the test hit ctrl + c.

NOTE: If you get errors you may want to try commenting out lines 97,98 and 452 of /etc/snort/rules/web-misc.rules. This was an issue in the past but doesn’t seem to be anymore.

7. Get and install BASE

Open a web browser and go to http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=103348.

Click on download then right click on the newest tar.gz package and select copy link (at the time of writing this is base-1.3.9).

In the terminal type:

cd
wget http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/secureideas/base-1.3.9.tar.gz

Now go to your web document root (by default this is /var/www), unpack the tarball and set the permissions needed to configure BASE:

cd /var/www/
tar zxvf ~/base-1.3.9.tar.gz cd .. chmod 757 base-1.3.9

We want to make sure that a couple of Pear modules are activated:

pear install Image_Color
pear install Image_Canvas-alpha
pear install Image_Graph-alpha

8. Set up BASE

Open a web browser and navigate to http://YOUR.IP.ADDRESS/base-1.3.9/setup.

Click continue on the first page.

• Step 1 of 5: Enter the path to ADODB.
  This is /usr/share/php/adodb.
• Step 2 of 5:
  Database type = MySQL, Database name = snort, Database Host = localhost, Database username = snort, Database Password = snort_password
• Step 3 of 5: If you want to use authentication enter a username and password here and check the box.
• Step 4 of 5: Click on Create BASE AG.
• Step 5 of 5: once step 4 is done at the bottom click on Now continue to step 5.

Bookmark this page.

Change the permissions back on the /var/www/base-1.3.9 folder.

# chmod 755 /var/www/base-1.3.9

We are done. Congrats!!!

To start Snort in the terminal type (make sure you change eth0 to the right interface for your machine:

# snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -i eth0 -D

This starts snort using eth0 interface in a daemon mode.

To make sure it is running you can check with the following command:

# ps aux | grep snort

If it’s running you will see an entry similar to snort -c /etc/snort/snort.conf -i eth0 -D.

If you would like to learn how to write your own Snort rules there is a guide at http://www.snort.org/docs/snort_manual/node16.html.
Good luck.